UNIT 6. LIFESTYLES
I. VOCABULARY |
Word | Type | Pronunciation | Meaning |
dogsled | n | /ˈdɒɡsled/ | xe trượt tuyết chó kéo |
Ex: His dogs help him race in a dogsled. Những con chó của anh ấy giúp anh ấy kẻo xe trượt tuyết. |
experience | n, v | /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ | kinh nghiệm, trải nghiệm |
Ex: My lack of practical experience was a disadvantage. Sự thiếu kinh nghiệm thực tế của tôi là một bất lợi. |
/ɡriːt/ | v | /bæd ˈspɪrɪt/ | chào, chào hỏi |
Ex: The winning team was greeted by cheering crowds. Đội chiến thắng được chào đón bởi đám đông cổ vũ. |
greeting | n | /ˈɡriːtɪŋ/ | lời chào |
Ex: He offered me a warm greeting and invited me in. Anh ay đón tôi bằng một lời chào nồng nhiệt và mời tôi vào. |
habit | n | /ˈhæbɪt/ | thói quen |
Ex: I'm trying to break the habit of staying up too late. Tôi đang cố gắng bỏ thói quen thức quá khuya. |
hurry | n, v | /ˈhʌri/ | sự vội vàng, đi vội vàng, thúc giục |
Ex: She is in a hurry. Cô ấy đang vội. |
igloo | n | /ˈɪɡluː/ | lều tuyết |
Ex: They live in an igloo. Họ sống trong một chiếc lều tuyết. |
impact | n | /ˈɪmpækt/ | sự ảnh hưởng |
Ex: Her speech made a profound impact on everyone. Bài phát biểu của cô đã tạo ra một sự tác động sâu sắc đến mọi người. |
independent | adj | /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt | độc lập |
Ex: The country was declared independent in 1945. Đất nước được tuyên bố độc lập vào năm 1945. |
interact | v | /ˌɪntərˈækt/ | tương tác |
Ex: Teachers interact with each child every day.Giáo viên tương tác với từng đứa trẻ mỗi ngày. |
interaction | n | /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ | sự tương tác |
Ex: The interaction of the two groups produced many good ideas. Sự tương tác của hai nhóm đã tạo ra nhiều ý tưởng hay. |
lifestyle | n | /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/ | lối sống |
Ex: Many people are trying to adopt a healthy lifestyle these days. Ngày nay, nhiều người đang cố gắng áp dụng một lối sống lành mạnh. |
make crafts | v | /meɪk krɑːft/ | làm đồ thủ công |
Ex: She likes making crafts. Cô ấy thích làm đồ thủ công. |
maintain | v | /meɪnˈteɪn/ | duy trì, gìn giữ |
Ex: Two countries have maintained close relations since 1945. Hai nước duy trì mối quan hệ thân thiết từ năm 1945. |
musher | n | /ˈmʌʃər/ | người điều khiển xe trượt tuyết chó kéo |
Ex: The musher led his team of sled dogs to home. Người thợ dẫn đoàn chó kéo xe của mình về nhà. |
nomadic | adj | /nəʊˈmædɪk/ | du mục |
Ex: Nomadic life is not easy. Cuộc sống du mục không hề dễ dàng. |
offline | adj, adv | /ˌɒfˈlaɪn/ | trực tiếp |
Ex: For offline orders, call this number. Đối với các đơn đặt hàng trực tiếp, hãy gọi số này. |
online | adj, adv | /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/ | trực tuyến |
Ex: He spends hours playing online games. Anh ấy dành hàng giờ để chơi trò chơi trực tuyến. |
online learning | n | /ˌɔːnəˈmentl triː/ | việc học trực tuyến |
Ex: Online learning helps us save much time. Học trực tuyến giúp chúng ta tiết kiệm rất nhiều thời gian. |
revive | v | /rɪˈvaɪv/ | làm sống lại, hồi sinh |
Ex: The flowers soon revived in water. Những bông hoa sớm hồi sinh trong nước. |
serve | v | /sɜːrv/ | phục vụ |
Ex: They served a wonderful meal to us. Họ phục vụ một bữa ăn tuyệt vời cho chúng tôi. |
staple | adj | /ˈsteɪbl/ | cơ bản, chủ yếu |
Ex: Rice is the staple diet in many Asian countries. Cơm là thực phẩm chính ở nhiều nước châu Á. |
street food | n | /striːt fuːd/ | thức ăn đường phố |
Ex: We enjoyed many delicious street foods in Thailand. Chúng tôi đã thưởng thức nhiều món ăn đường phố ngon ở Thái Lan. |
tribal | adj | /ˈtraɪbl/ | thuộc bộ tộc, thành bộ lạc |
Ex: They work together with the tribal groups in this area. Họ làm việc cùng với các nhóm bộ lạc trong khu vực này. |
II. WORD FORM
Word | Related words | Transcription | Meaning |
experience (n, v) kinh nghiệm, trải nghiệm | experienced (adj) | /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/ | từng trải, có kinh nghiệm |
experiential (adj) | /ɪkˌspɪriˈenʃl/ | theo kinh nghiệm |
independent (adj) độc lập | independent(n) | /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ | người độc lập |
independence (n) | /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ | nền độc lập |
depend (v) | /dɪˈpend/ | phụ thuộc |
dependent (adj) | /dɪˈpendənt/ | phụ thuộc, lệ thuộc |
dependent (n) | /dɪˈpendənt/ | người phụ thuộc |
dependence (n) | /dɪˈpendəns/ | sự phụ thuộc |
maintain (v) duy trì, gìn giữ | maintenance (n) | /ˈmeɪntənəns/ | sự duy trì, bảo dưỡng |
interact(v) tương tác | interaction (n) | /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ | sự tương tác |
interactive (adj) | /ˌɪntərˈæktɪv/ | có tính tương tác |
interactively (adv) | /ˌɪntərˈæktɪvlɪ/ | tương tác |
nomadic (adj) du mục | nomad (n) | /ˈnəʊmæd/ | người dân du mục |
revive (v) làm sống lại, hồi sinh | revival (n) | /rɪˈvaɪvl/ | sự trở lại, hồi sinh |
revivalism (n) | /rɪˈvaɪvəlɪzəm/ | quá trình thức tỉnh |
revivalist (n) | /rɪˈvaɪvəlɪst/ | người đánh thức lòng tin |
III. GRAMMAR
1. Future simple tense ( Thì tương lai đon)
a. Cách sử dụng
- Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai, không phụ thuộc vào điều kiện nào.
E.g: We will go to the beach tomorrow.
(Chúng ta sẽ đi đến bãi biển vào ngày mai.)
I will write a book someday.
(Một ngày nào đó, tôi sẽ viết một cuốn sách.)
- Diễn tả dự đoán về tương lai dựa trên thông tin hiện có.
E.g: The weather looks like it will be nice tomorrow.
(Thời tiết dường như sẽ đẹp vào ngày mai.)
I think I will get a job offer soon.
(Tôi nghĩ tôi sẽ sớm nhận được một lời đề nghị việc làm.)
- Diễn tả quyết tâm hoặc lời hứa.
E.g: I will help you with your homework.
(Tôi sẽ giúp bạn làm bài tập về nhà.)
He will never forget her.
(Anh ta sẽ không bao giờ quên cô ấy.)
b. Cấu trúc
Khẳng định | S + will + V(infinitive) |
Phủ định | S + will + not + V(infinitive) |
Nghi vấn | Will + S + not + V(infinitive)? |
E.g: I will go to the park tomorrow. (Tôi sẽ đi đến công viên vào ngày mai.)
She will not attend the party tonight. (Cô ấy sẽ không tham dự bừa tiệc tối nay.)
Will you come to the meeting tomorrow? (Bạn sẽ đến cuộc họp vào ngày mai chứ?)
c. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Trong câu xuất hiện các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như: | • in + thời gian trong tương lai (in 2 minutes: trong 2phút nữa) • tomorrow: ngày mai • next day / week/ next month/ next year: ngày tiếp theo/ tuần tới/ tháng tới/ năm tới |
Động từ chỉ khả năng sẽ xảy ra như: | • think/ believe/ suppose/...: nghĩ/ tin/ cho là • perhaps/ probably: có lẽ • promise: hứa |
2. First conditional sentence (Câu điều kiện loại 1)
a. Cách sử dụng
- Câu điều kiện loại 1 được dùng để diễn tả một giả định có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
E.g: If I get up early, I will go to school on time.
(Nếu tôi dậy sớm, tôi sẽ đi học đúng giờ.)
- Dùng để đề nghị hay gợi ý.
E.g: If you need a glass of water, I can get you one.
(Nếu anh cần một cốc nước, tôi có thể lấy giúp anh.)
- Dùng để cảnh báo hay hàm ý đe dọa:
E.g: If you don't work hard, you won't pass the exam.
(Nếu con không học hành chăm chỉ, con sẽ trượt kỳ thì.)
b. Cấu trúc
If + S + V(s/es), S + will/ can/ may... + V |
c. Lưu ý
* Trường hợp nói về sự thật hiển nhiên hoặc việc luôn đúng, ta dùng thì hiện tại đơn ở cả 2 vế của câu điều kiện.
If + S + V (s/es), S + V(s/es) If + S + V (s/es), V |
E.g: If we heat the chocolate, it smelts.
(Nếu chúng ta đun nóng sô cô la, nó sẽ tan chảy.)
Don't touch anything if you don't want to get out of here.
(Đừng chạm vào bất cứ thứ gì nếu cậu không muốn ra khỏi đây.)
* Câu điều kiện loại 1 phủ định (Unless = If...not)
Trong câu điều kiện phủ định, ta có thể dùng Unless thay cho If... not.
E.g: If you don't pass the driving test, you cannot have a driving license.
= Unless you pass the driving test, you cannot have a driving license.
(Nếu bạn không vượt qua kỳ thi sát hạch lái xe, bạn sẽ không có bằng lái.)
Chú ý: đã dùng Unless thì trong câu không còn “not” nữa.
* Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1
Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại 1 sẽ giúp câu mang sắc thái lịch sự hơn và thường dùng trong trường hợp đưa ra lời yêu cầu, nhờ vả.
Cấu trúc:
Should + S + (not) + be +..., + S + will/may/can + V Should + S + (not) + V +..., + S + will/may/can + V |
E.g: If you are regularly late for school, you will be punished.
= Should you be regularly late for school, you will be punished.
= If you go to school late regularly, you will be punished.
= Should you go to school late regularly, you will be punished.
(Nếu bạn thường xuyên đi học muộn, bạn sẽ bị phạt.)
IV. PRONUNCIATION
Clusters: /br/ and /pr/
1. /br/=/b/ +/r/
/b/: mím nhẹ hai môi lại và nâng phần ngạc mềm để chặn luồng hơi trong khoang miệng, rồi mở miệng bật hơi từ phía trong ra. Khi phát âm, dây thanh sẽ rung lên. | 
|
/r/: co lưỡi về phía sau, cong đầu lưỡi lên để tạo nên một khoảng trống ở giữa miệng nhưng lưỡi không chạm tới chân răng trên. Khi phát âm, luồng hơi sẽ đi qua khoang miệng và đẩu lưỡi ra ngoài. | 
|
Ex: | bride | brilliant | library | bracelet | brother | breakfast |
2. /pr/=/p/ +/r/
/p/: mím nhẹ hai môi lại và nâng phần ngạc mềm để chặn luồng hơi trong khoang miệng, rồi mở miệng bật hơi từ phía trong ra. Khi phát âm, dây thanh không rung. | 
|
/r/: co lưỡi về phía sau, cong đẩu lưỡi lên để tạo nên một khoảng trống ở giữa miệng nhưng lưỡi không chạm tới chân răng trên. Khi phát âm, luồng hơi sẽ đi qua khoang miệng và đầu lưỡi ra ngoài. | 
|
Ex: | prize | problem | apricot | pretty | princess | present |
3. Sự khác nhau giữa /br/ và /pr/
★ Khi phát âm cụm phụ âm /br/ gây rung ở họng còn /pr/ thì không tạo độ rung.
Tập phát âm các từ sau:
break | pray | practice | bring | brown |
pretty | prize | brave | print | brush |
apricot | brother | prawn | breath | president |
pride | bracelet | broccoli | April | brilliant |
V. PRACTICE
Exercise 1. Look and put the word under the correct photo.
bread | pray | apricot | brother |
prawn | bracelet | broccoli | president |
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1. | 2. | 3. | 4. |
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5. | 6. | 7. | 8. |
Exercise 2. Use single underline with the word containing /br/ and double underline with the word containing /pr/. Then read the sentences aloud (pay attention to the sound /br/ and /pr/).
1. Gold and silver are precious metals.
2. The bank has many branches all over the country.
3. He never talks about his private life with anybody at work.
4. How many brothers and sisters do you have?
5. The new television series was an expensive project.
6. I spend two hours every day browsing the Web.
7. She'll teach US how to play English pronunciation games.
8. I have some bread and a glass of milk for breakfast.
Exercise 3. Fill in the blank with the adjectives in the box.
downtown | populous | polluted | historic | charming |
annoying | affordable | delicious | livable | cosmopolitan |
1. They make sure that the rooms in that resort in Phu Quoc island are _____________, even the big ones.
2. Singapore is the first on the list of most _____________ cities in Southeast Asia.
3. San Francisco is one of the most _____________ cities in the United States with the city centre and several suburbs around.
4. Built in the 1680s, the four-kilometer Freedom Trail is the oldest structure in _____________ Boston.
5. Formerly known as Bombay, Mumbai is one of the most _____________ cities in the world with a population of over 14 million.
6. Many people say Charleston is one of the most beautiful and _____________ places in the United States with a very rich history.
7. Ha Noi is not _____________ as other cities because it has many lakes, and parks.
8. Bun cha in Ha Noi is so _____________ that the former US President Obama tried two helpings when he came there.
9. That man could not get a work permit to teach English, and this was rather _____________ for him.
10. In my opinion, Ha Noi with a history of over one thousand years is more _____________ than any other city in Viet Nam.
Exercise 4. Fill in each blank with the appropriate form of the word in brackets.
1. I had a great _____________ skydiving for the first time last weekend. (experiential)
2. After finishing college, I moved to a new city and learned to be more _____________, managing my own budget and making my own decisions. (depend)
3. It’s important to _____________ a healthy lifestyle by exercising regularly and eating a balanced diet. (maintenance)
4. Some cultures have a tradition of leading a _____________ lifestyle, moving from place to place to find food and water sources. (nomad)
5. The government is planning to _____________ the old historical sites in the city to attract more tourists and preserve the local heritage. (revival)
6. I am going to visit Da Nang, so can you tell me what the greatest _____________ in Da Nang are? (attract)
7. Don’t worry about your travelling because the public transport here is convenient and _____________. (rely)
8. Sydney is a metropolitan and _____________ city so you have a great variety of things and foods from different countries. (multiculture)
9. My aunt lives in one of the most _____________ parts in Paris. She is a well-known fashion designer there. (fashion)
10. The outdoor food markets in Singapore are fun and _____________ so when you go there you should try some food there. (afford)
Exercise 5. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Ha Noi, _____________ the Old Quarter, become a perfect city for walking with handicraft shops, street food, etc. (especial)
2. Ha Long Bay, which means descending dragon, is the _____________ heritage of the world with 1,6000 limestone islands. (nature)
3. Below Sa Pa are _____________ rice terraces in the endless valley. (picture)
4. Besides the beach, the main _____________ in Da Nang is the Museum of Cham Sculpture with the world's largest collection of Cham artifacts. (attract)
5. Hue becomes one of the most _____________ destinations for travelers to Viet Nam with the number of three million tourists a year. (popularity)
6. Hoi An used to be one of the _____________ ports in Southeast Asia, which was used by the Japanese, Portuguese, Dutch, French and Chinese merchants. (busy)
7. Nha Trang, a _____________ coastal city in Central Viet Nam, is generally recognized as Viet Nam's main beach destination. (delight)
8. Formerly known as Saigon, Ho Chi Minh City is a metropolis which is still young but very _____________. (dynamist)
9. The Mekong Delta is well-known for its busy waterways with many rivers, canals and streams through _____________ the region. (flow)
10. Phu Quoc Island is the _____________ place for riding, snorkeling, scuba diving, and relaxing. (idea)
Exercise 6. Choose the correct option to complete the sentence.
1. This beach looks amazing! I think we _____________ this place!
A. are loving B. are going to love C. will love
2. I _____________ you to the airport tomorrow if you need someone to give you a lift.
A. take B. am taking C. will take
3. My plane _____________ at Manchester airport at 8 p.m tomorrow evening.
A. lands B. will land C. Landed
4. We have some ideas for what we want to do while we are here in Scotland. If the weather is nice, we _____________ a mountain on one of the days.
A. climb B. are climbing C. are going to climb
5. What shall I do today? I think I _____________ to the beach while the Sun is out!
A. go B. am going C. will go
6. I'm sorry but I cannot come to the meal tonight. I _____________ work at 8 p.m. tonight, so I _____________ arrive at the restaurant on time!
A. finish - will B. will finish – will C. finishes – will
7. If you tell me your secret, I promise I _____________ anyone!
A. am not telling B. won't tell C. am telling
8. I think the Earth _____________ a lot warmer in 50 years.
A. is becoming B. will become C. becomes
9. I _____________ my friend in Sicily sometime this year, but I’m not sure when.
A. am visiting B. am going to visit C. will visit
10. I _____________ a valedictorian next year.
A. am going to try B. will try C. will going to try
Exercise 7. Choose the correct answer.
1. I haven't got my phone.’ -'That's OK. I’ll lend/I am going to lend you mine.
2. It's Julia's birthday next week, so we 11 buy/we're going to buy her some flowers.
3 .Will you lend me £ 10? I promise I' 11 give/I am going to give it back to you tomorrow.
4. We ll have/We're going to have a barbecue tomorrow. It's all planned, so I hope it won't rain.
5. 'Jim's starting university tomorrow.' - 'What will he/is he going to study?'
6. You won t like/you are not going to like that film. It's very frightening. Let's choose another one.
7. Do you think they'll like/they are going to like the presents we got for them?
8. Look! The coach will leave/is going to leave! Run or we'11 miss it.
Exercise 8. Complete the sentences using will or be going to in its correct form
1. Philipp _____________ 15 next Wednesday. (be)
2. They _____________ a new computer. (get)
3. I think my mother _____________ this CD. (like)
4. Paul's sister _____________ a baby. (have)
5. They _____________ at about 4 in the afternoon. (arrive)
6. Just a moment. I _____________ you with the bags. (help)
7. In the future, people _____________ more hybrid cars. (buy)
8. Marvin _____________ a party next week. (throw)
9. We _____________ to Venice in June. (fly)
10. Look at the clouds! It _____________ soon. (rain)
Exercise 9. Complete the sentence using the structure: “if + Present Simple, S + will/won’t”.
1. If _____________ (the weather/be) beautiful tomorrow, _____________ (we/drive) to the beach.
2. If _____________ (she/send) the letter now, _____________ (they/receive) it tomorrow.
3. _____________ (Fred/be) angry if (Jack/arrive) late again.
4. _____________ (I/come) to your house if _____________ (I/have) enough time.
5. If _____________ (she/not/pass) this exam, _____________ (she/not/get) the job that she wants.
6. _____________ (you/learn) a lot if _____________ (you/take) this course.
7. If _____________ (I/get) a ticket, _____________ (I/go) to the cinema.
8. _____________ (I/buy) that machine if _____________ (it/not/cost) too much.
9. _____________ (you/ arrive) on time if _____________ (you/ catch) the taxi.
10. _____________ (I/go) to the doctor's if _____________ (I/not/feel) better tomorrow.
11. If _____________ (they/win) this match, _____________ (they/be) the champions.
12. If _____________ (it/rain), we _____________ (not/go) fishing.
Exercise 10. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form of conditional sentence type 1.
1. If we _____________ (send) an invitation, our friends _____________ (come) to our party.
2. He _____________ (not/ understand) you if you _____________ (whisper).
3. They _____________ (not/ survive) in the desert if they _____________ (not/ take) extra water with them.
4. If you _____________ (press) CTRL + S, you _____________ (save) the file.
5. You _____________ (cross) the Channel if you _____________ (fly) from Paris to London.
6. Fred _____________ (answer) the phone if his wife _____________ (have) a bath.
7. If Claire _____________ (wear) this dress at the party, our guests _____________ (not/ stay) any longer.
8. If I _____________ (touch) this snake, my girlfriend _____________ (not/ scream).
9. She _____________ (forget) to pick you up if you _____________ (not/ phone) her.
10. I _____________ (remember) you if you _____________ (give) me a photo.
Exercise 11a. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form of conditional sentence type 1.
1. If I _____________ (study) hard, I _____________ (improve) my English.
2. Theresa _____________ (go) to Japan if she _____________ (get) a cheap flight.
3. If her boyfriend _____________ (not call) today, she _____________ (leave) him.
4. If the phone _____________ (ring), _____________ (you/answer) it?
5. What _____________ (you/do) if you _____________ (not find) your wallet?
6. He _____________ (find) a part time job if he _____________ (keep) looking.
7. If you _____________ (feel) unwell tomorrow, _____________ (take) a rest.
8. If they _____________ (not tell) us, we _____________ (keep) asking.
9. _____________ (you/let) me go if I _____________ (promise) to come back early?
10. He _____________ (eat) some popcorn if he _____________ (feel) hungry.
Exercise 11b. Put the. verbs in brackets in the correct form of conditional sentence type 1.
1. If I _____________ (study), I _____________ (pass) the exams.
2. If the Sun _____________ (shine), we _____________ (walk) to the town.
3. If he _____________ (have) a temperature, he _____________ (see) the doctor.
4. If my friends _____________ (come), I _____________ (be) very happy.
5. If she _____________ (earn) a lot of money, she _____________ (fly) to New York.
6. If we _____________ (travel) to London, we _____________ (visit) the museums.
7. If you _____________ (wear) sandals in the mountains, you _____________ (slip) on the rocks.
8. If Rita _____________ (forget) her homework, the teacher _____________ (give) her a low mark.
9. If they _____________ (go) to the disco, they _____________ (listen) to loud music.
10. If you _____________ (wait) a minute, I _____________ (ask) my parents.
Exercise 12a. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make the sentence correct:
1. If (A) someone came (B) into the store, smile (C) and say, “May (D) I help you?”
2. If (A) you do not understand (B) what were written (C) in the book, you could ask (D) Mr. Pike.
3. If (A) there isn't (B) enough food (C), we couldn't continue (D) our journey.
4. If (A) anyone will phone (B), tell (C) them I'll be (D) back at 11:00.
5. I will come (A) to meet Mr. Pike and tell him about(B) your problems if (C) you didn't solve (D) them.
Exercise 12b. Begin the sentences below with "unless". Make any necessary changes.
1. If they don't practise a lot, they will lose the game.
🡪 Unless
2. I'll miss the train if I don't go now.
🡪 Unless
3. If she doesn't answer the phone, leave her a message.
🡪 Unless
4. If you don't pay the bill, I'll call the police.
🡪 Unless
5. If he doesn' t work hard, he won' t pass the examination.
🡪 Unless
Exercise 13. Rewrite these sentences by using conditional sentence type 1.
1. Turn off all the lights and you will not pay more money.
🡪 If
2. Unless she wears warm clothes, she will have a cold.
🡪 If
3. Be careful or you may have an accident.
🡪 If
4. Phone your parents or you have a trouble.
🡪 If
5. Unless she whispers, everyone knows what she is saying.
🡪 If
6. Stay here and you will feel safe.
🡪 If
7. Pay the electricity bill today or your electricity will be cut off.
🡪 If
8. Stop smoking otherwise your cough may be worse.
🡪 If
9. Unless we use less fossil fuel, they will be run out soon.
🡪 If
10. Unless it stops raining today, we may be faced with a serious flood.
🡪 If
11. Do morning exercises regularly, your body will be fitter.
🡪 If
12. Unless we use renewable energy, we will have nothing for the future generation.
🡪 If
13. The climate will change unless we reduce the use of non-renewable energy.
🡪 If
14. Lock all the doors and no one can break into your house.
🡪 If
15. If we continue hunting polar bears, they will become extinct in the near future.
🡪 If
Exercise 14. Read the text carefully, then choose the correct answers.
Life in the big city is face-paced, fun and exciting. There are countless job opportunities and activities to occupy your time. However, with the good, there also comes the bad. Although the big city has more job opportunities; there are also more people competing for a single job. This can make your job search frustrating. Oddly enough, you will see hundreds, if not thousands of jobs available each week, but you still might remain unemployed, especially when the economy is down. In addition, the cost of living is typically higher in big cities, and it can cost you an arm and a leg for a small apartment in a decent area of the city, not to mention other costs to fulfill your basic demands. Diversity is a good thing, but the number of people can be a bit overwhelming if you are not accustomed to it. There will always be crowds and always be people around. Moreover, traffic can be a nightmare in the big city. It can get so bad that it can turn you into an evil person. If you hate driving in traffic, then the big city life is not for you. Heavy traffic also contributes to pollution, which is one of the biggest disadvantages of living in the city. Obviously, our health is affected most by certain diseases relating to the respiratory system and other body parts. A lot of premature deaths are supposed to be the result of long-term exposure to small particles. Most importantly, there is always more crime in a big city, causing you second case your decision for living in a big city. You arc much more likely to be a victim of a crime living in a big city than in a small town.
1. According to the passage, some good things of living in the city are ____________.
A. excellent educational system and recreational activities
B. excellent educational system and countless job opportunities
C. countless job opportunities and activities to occupy your time
D. a lot of kinds of entertainment and shopping centers
2. While big cities have more job opportunities, it also gives ____________.
A. more competition for a single job
B. higher salary
C. growing economic crisis
D. greater chances of being unemployed
3. What does the phrase “cost an arm and a leg” mean?
A. your legs and arms have good value
B. cost a small amount of money
C. you must work hard to earn money
D. cost a lot of money
4. According to the paragraph, city is not a perfect place for ____________.
A. extroverted people B. introverted people
C. people who hate driving in traffic D. people who prefer a busy life
5. In the big city, people tend to when traffic is getting heavy ____________.
A. go crazy B. get enough time to relax
C. wait a bit longer D. slow down themselves
6. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. Pollution causes health problems.
B. Cities are always crowded.
C. It costs a lot of money to live in a big city.
D. Crime is not a serious problem in big cities.
Exercise 15. Read the text then answer the questions.
Toronto is one of the world's most multicultural cities. Almost half of its population are immigrants. You'll hear more than 140 languages and dialects spoken on the streets in this “City of Neighborhoods”. It's the most populous city in Canada (more than 5 million in the Greater Toronto Area) and the province of Ontario's economic engine. Toronto's motto is “Diversity Our Strength”. Toronto prides itself on its wide range of cultures, languages, food and arts.
Visit Toronto, and one of the first things you'll notice is that the city's appeal lies in its citizens' friendliness: ask for directions, and you'll be helped. Along with its highly artistic culture and fascinating museums that proudly display the country's history, it's clear that a Toronto trip has something for everyone.
Although Toronto's climate is partially moderated by its Great Lakes location, it is more extreme than Bordeaux's and Christchurch's, with somewhat hotter summers and considerably colder winters. Summertime in Toronto is festival time. Just about every weekend, and some weekdays, you'll find one happening. If crowds aren't your thing, avoid the Caribana festival (July 28 through July 31), when the city greets more than one million visitors.
1. Where is Toronto?
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the population of the Greater Toronto Area?
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. What makes Toronto proud of itself?
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. What is one of the first things in Toronto that appeal to tourists?
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Which of Toronto proudly displays the country’s history?
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. How is the climate in Toronto?
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. When is the festival time in Toronto?
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. How many visitors does the city greet at the Caribana festival?
___________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 16. Rewrite the sentence without changing its meaning. Use unless.
1. If you don’t do this now, you will regret it.
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. I will feel bored if my best friend doesn't come to the party with me.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. We won’t talk to her if she doesn't apologize.
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. The baby will cry louder if they don't give him some toys.
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. If she doesn't promise to come back home early, her father won’t let her go.
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. If we don't buy a good map, we will be lost.
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. If Mary doesn’t have enough money, she won’t buy that ear
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. You can't have many job opportunities if you don't have an IELTS degree.
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. If you don't eat less, you can't lose weight.
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. If he doesn't speak English well, he can't take part in this English contest.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 17. Write in complete sentences using the given words.
1. If / we / not / go shopping / soon / we / be / late.
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. If Sarah / not be / ready / by 8 a.m /I / go / without her.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. If / you / send / your mother / this letter / it / come / to / her / tomorrow.
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. She / get / the / job / if / she / do / well / in / interview.
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. They / not miss / the flight / if they / be / in a hurry.
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. He / learn / quickly / if / he / practice / frequently.
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. If / it / rain / they / postpone / the match.
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. You / not be able to sleep / if / you watch / this horror movie.
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. I / go / shopping / with / my mother / if /I / have / time.
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. If / you / be / hungry / eat / something.
___________________________________________________________________________________
ĐÁP ÁN
UNIT 6: LIFESTYLES
Exercise 1.
1. bracelet | 2. prawn | 3. broccoli | 4. pray |
5. apricot | 6. bread | 7. president | 8. brother |
Exercise 2.
1. Gold and silver are precious metals.
2. The bank has many branches all over the country.
3. He never talks about his private life with anybody at work.
4. How many brothers and sisters do you have?
5. The new television series was an expensive project.
6. I spend two hours every day browsing the Web.
7. She'll teach us how to play English pronunciation games.
8. I have some bread and glass of milk for breakfast.
Exercise 3.
1. affordable | 2. livable |
3. cosmopolitan | 4. downtown |
5. populous | 6. historic |
7. polluted | 8. delicious |
9. annoying | 10. charming |
Exercise 4.
1. experience | 2. independent |
3. maintain | 4. nomadic |
5. revive | 6. attractions |
7. reliable | 8. multicultural |
9. fashionable | 10. affordable |
Exercise 5.
1. especially | 2. natural |
3. picturesque | 4. attraction |
5. popular | 6. busiest |
7. delightful | 8. dynamic |
9. flowing | 10. ideal |
Exercise 6.
1. B | 2. C | 3. A | 4. C | 5. C |
6. A | 7. B | 8. B | 9. B | 10. B |
Exercise 7.
1. I'll lend | 2. we're going to buy |
3. I'll give | 4. We're going to have |
5. is he going to | 6. You won't like |
7. they'll like | 8. is going to leave |
Exercise 8.
1. will be | 2. are going to get |
3. will like | 4. is going to have |
5. will arrive | 6. will help |
7. will buy | 8. is going to throw |
9. are going to fly | 10. is going to rain |
Exercise 9.
1. the weather is - we will drive | 7. I get -1 will go |
2. she sends - they will receive | 8. I will buy - it doesn't cost |
3. Fred will be - Jack arrives | 9. You will arrive - you catch |
4. I will come - I have | 10. I will go - I don't feel |
5. she doesn't pass - she won't get | 11. they win - they will be |
6. You will learn - you take | 12. it rains, won't go |
Exercise 10.
1. send - will come | 6. will answer - has |
2. won't understand - whisper | 7. wears - don't stay |
3. won't survive - don’t take | 8. touch - won't scream |
4. press - will save | 9. will forget - don’t phone |
5. will cross - fly | 10. will remember - give |
Exercise 11a.
1. study - will improve | 6. will find - keeps |
2. will go - gets | 7. feel - take |
3. doesn't call - will leave | 8. don't tell - will keep |
4. rings - will you answer | 9. Will you let - promise |
5. will you do - don't find | 10. will eat - feels |
Exercise 11b.
1. study, will pass | 2. shines, will walk |
3. has, will see | 4. come, will be |
5. earns, will fly | 6. travel, will visit |
7. wear, will slip | 8. forgets, will give |
9. go, will listen | 10. wait, will ask |
Exercise 12a.
1. B (came => comes)
2. D (could ask => can ask)
3. D (couldn' t continue => can' t continue)
4. B (will phone => phones)
5. D (didn't solve => don't solve)
Exercise 12b.
1. Unless they practise a lot, they will lose the game.
2. Unless I go now, I'll miss the train.
3. Unless she answers the phone, leave her a message.
4. Unless you pay the bill, I'll call the police.
5. Unless he works hard, he won't pass the examination.
Exercise 13.
1. If you turn off all the lights, you will not pay more money.
2. If she wears warm clothes, she will not have a cold.
3. If you are careful, you will not have an accident.
4. If you phone your parents, you will not have a trouble.
5. If she whispers, no one will know what she is saying.
6. If you stay here, you will feel safe.
7. If you pay the electricity bill today, your electricity will not be cut off.
8. If you stop smoking, your cough will not be worse.
9. If we use less fossil fuel, they will not run out soon.
10. If it stops raining today, we will not be faced with a serious flood.
11. If you do morning exercises regularly, your body will be fitter.
12. If we don't use renewable energy, we will have nothing for the future generation.
13. If we don't reduce the use of non-renewable energy, the climate will not change.
14. If you lock all the doors, no one can break into your house.
15. If we stop hunting polar bears, they will not become extinct in the near future.
Exercise 14.
Exercise 15.
1. Toronto is in Canada.
2. Greater Toronto Area has a population of more than 5 million.
3. Its wide range of cultures, languages, food and arts makes Toronto proud of itself.
4. One of the first things in Toronto that appeal to tourists is its citizen's friendliness.
5. Toronto's highly artistic culture and fascinating museums proudly display the country's history.
6. Toronto's climate is partially moderated.
7. Summertime is the festival time in Toronto.
8. The city greets more than one million visitors at the Caribana festival.
Exercise 16.
1. Unless you do this now, you will regret it.
2. I will feel bored unless my best friend comes to the party with me.
3. We won't talk to her unless she apologizes.
4. The baby will cry louder unless they give him some toys.
5. Unless she promises to come back home early, her father won't let her go.
6. Unless we buy a good map, we will be lost.
7. Unless Mary has enough money, she won't buy that car.
8. You can't have many job opportunities unless you have an IELTS degree.
9. Unless you eat less, you can't lose weight.
10. Unless he speaks English well, he can't take part in this English contest.
Exercise 17.
1. If we don't go shopping soon, we will be late.
2. If Sarah isn't ready by 8 a.m., I will go without her.
3. If you send your mother this letter, it will come to her tomorrow.
4. She will get the job if she does well in the interview.
5. They won't miss the flight if they are in a hurry.
6. He will learn quickly if he practices frequently.
7. If it rains, they will postpone the match.
8. You won’t be able to sleep if you watch this horror movie.
9. I will go shopping with my mother if I have time.
10. If you are hungry, eat something.
